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    Words used in the definitions in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

    All the definitions in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English have been written using the words in this list. If a definition includes a word that is not in the list, that word is shown in small capital letters.

    The Defining Vocabulary has been carefully chosen after a thorough study of all the well-known frequency lists of English words. Furthermore, only the most common and 'central'meanings of the words in the list have actually been used in definitions. We have also used a special computer program that checks every entry to ensure that words from outside the Defining Vocabulary do not appear in definitions.

Word class restrictions

    For some words in the list, a word class label such as n or adj is shown. This means that this particular word is used in definitions only in the word class shown. So anger, for example, is used only as a noun and not as a verb. But if no word class is shown for a word, it can be used in any of its usual word classes: answer, for example, is used in definitions both as a noun and as a verb.

Compound words

    Definitions occasionally include compound words formed from words in the Defining Vocabulary, but this is only done if the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word businessman (formed from business and man) is used in some definitions.

Prefixes and suffixes

    The main list is followed by a list of common prefixes and suffixes. These can be added to words in the main list to form derived words, provided the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word nervousness (formed by adding -ness to nervous) is used in some definitions.

Phrasal verbs

    Phrasal verbs formed by combining words in the Defining Vocabulary (for example, put up with) are not used in definitions in the dictionary, except in a very small number of cases where the phrasal verb is extremely common and there is no common equivalent. So, for example, give up (as in give up smoking) and take off (as in the plane took off) are occasionally used.

Proper names

    The Defining Vocabulary does not include the names of actual places, nationalities, religions, and so on, which are occasionally mentioned in definitions.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A
a
abbreviation
ability
able
about
above adv, prep
abroad
absence
absent adj
accept
acceptable
accident
accidental
according (to)
account n
achieve
achievement
acid
across
act
action
active
activity
actor, actress
actual
actually
add
addition
additional
address
adjective
admiration
admire
admit
adult
advanced
advantage
adventure n
adverb
advertise
advertisement
advice
advise
affair
affect
afford
afraid
after adv, conj, prep
afternoon
afterwards
again
against
age n
ago
agree
agreement
ahead
aim
air n
aircraft
airport
alcohol
alive
all adv, pron, determiner, predeterminer
allow
almost
alone
along
alphabet
already
also
although
always
among
amount n
amuse
amusement
amusing
an
ancient adj
and
anger n
angle n
angry
animal
announce
annoy
annoying
another
answer
anxiety
anxious
any
anyone
anything
anywhere
apart
apartment
appear
appearance
apple
approval
approve
area
argue
argument
arm n
army
around
arrange
arrangement
arrival
arrive
art
article
artificial
as
as opposed to
ashamed
ask
asleep
association
at
atom
attack
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
authority
autumn
available
average adj, n
avoid
awake adj
away adv
awkward

B
baby
back adj, adv, n
background
backward(s) adv
bad
bag n
bake v
balance
ball n
band n
bank n
bar n
base n, v
basic
basket
bath n
battle n
be
beach n
beak
beam n
bean
bear
beat
beautiful
beauty
because
become
bed
beer
before
begin
beginning
behave
behaviour
behind adv, prep
belief
believe
bell
belong
below
belt n
bend
beneath
beside(s)
best
better adj, adv
between
beyond adj, adv
bicycle n
big adj
bill
bird
birth
bit
bite
bitter adj
black adj, n
blade
blame
blind adj
block
blood
blow
blue
board n
boat
body
boil
bomb
bone n
book n
boot n
border n
bored
boring
born
borrow
both
bottle n
bottom n
bowl n
box n
boy
brain n
branch n
brave adj
bread
break v
breakfast n
breast
breath
breathe
breed
brick
bridge n
bright
bring
broad adj
broadcast v
brother
brown adj, n
brush
build v
building
bullet
burn
burst v
bury
bus
bush
business
busy
but conj
butter n
button n
buy v
by prep

C
cake n
calculate
call v
calm adj
camera
camp n, v
can
cap
capital n
car
card
care
careful
careless
carriage
carry
case n
castle
cat
catch v
cattle
cause
ceiling
celebrate
cell
central
centre n
century
ceremony
certain adj, determiner
chain n
chair n
chance n
change
character
charge
chase v
cheap
cheat v
check
cheek n
cheerful
cheese
chemical
chemistry
cheque
chest
chicken
chief
child
children
chin
chocolate
choice n
choose
church n
cigarette
cinema
circle n
circular adj
citizen
city
claim v
class n
clay
clean adj, v
clear adj, v
clever
cliff
climb v
clock n
close adj, adv, v
cloth
clothes
clothing
cloud n
club n
coal
coast n
coat n
coffee
coin n
cold adj, n
collar n
collect v
college
colour
comb
combination
combine v
come
comfort
comfortable
command
committee
common adj
communicate
communication
company
compare v
comparison
compete
competition
competitor
complain
complaint
complete
completely
complicated
compound n
computer
concern v
concerning
concert
condition n
confidence
confident
confuse
confusing
connect
connection
conscious
consider
consist
contain
container
continue
continuous
contract n
control
conversation
cook n, v
copy
corn
corner n
correct adj, v
cost
cotton
cough
could
council n
count v
country n
countryside
courage
course n
court n
cover
cow n
crack n, v
crash n, v
crazy
cream n
creature
crime
criminal
criticism
criticize
crop n
cross n, v
crowd
cruel
crush v
cry
cup n
cupboard
cure
curl
current n
curtain n
curve
custom n
customer
cut
cycle v

D
daily adj, adv
damage
dance
danger
dangerous
dark
date n
daughter
day
dead adj
deal n
deal with
death
debt
decay
deceive
decide
decision
decorate
decoration
decrease
deep adj
defeat
defence
defend
definite
definitely
degree
delay
deliberate adj
deliberately
delicate
deliver
demand
department
depend
dependent
depth
describe
description
desert n
deserve
design
desirable
desire
desk
destroy
destruction
detail n
determination
determined
develop
dictionary
die v
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig v
dinner
direct
direction
dirt
dirty adj
disappoint
disappointing
discover
discovery
discuss
discussion
disease n
dish n
dismiss
distance
distant
divide
do v
doctor n
document n
dog n
dollar
door
double adj, v, predeterminer
doubt
down adv, prep
draw v
drawer
dream
dress n, v
drink
drive n, v
drop
drug n
drum n
drunk pastpart, adj
dry
duck n
dull adj
during
dust n
duty

E
each
eager
ear
early
earn
earth n
east
eastern
easy adj
eat
economic
edge n
educate
educated
education
effect n
effective
effort
egg
eight
either
elbow
elect v
election
electric
electricity
electronic
else
embarrass
embarrassing
emotion
emphasize
employ v
employer
employment
empty adj, v
enclose
encourage
end
enemy
energy
engine
engineer n
enjoy
enjoyable
enjoyment
enough
enter
entertain
entertainment
entrance n
envelope
environment
equal adj, n
equipment
escape
especially
establish
even adj, adv
evening
event
ever
every
everyone
everything
everywhere
evil
exact adj
exactly
examination
examine
example
excellent
except conj, prep
exchange
excite
exciting
excuse
exercise
exist
existence
expect
expensive
experience
explain
explanation
explode
explosion
explosive
express v
e­xpression
extreme adj
extremely
eye

F
face
fact
factory
fail v
failure
fair adj
fairly
faith
faithful adj
fall
false
familiar
family
famous
far
farm
farmer
fashion n
fashionable
fast adj, adv
fasten
fat
father n
fault n
favourable
favourite adj
fear n
feather n
feature n
feed v
feel v
feeling(s)
female
fence n
fever
few
field n
fifth
fight
figure n
fill v
film
final adj
finally
financial
find v
find out
fine adj
finger n
finish v
fire
firm adj
first adj, determiner
fish
fit adj, v
five
fix v
flag n
flame n
flash n, v
flat adj
flesh
flight
float v
flood
floor n
flour n
flow
flower n
fly n, v
fold
follow
fond
food
foot n
football
for prep
force
foreign
foreigner
forest n
forget
forgive
fork n
form
formal
former
fortunate
forward(s) adv
four(th)
frame n
free
freedom
freeze v
frequent adj
fresh
friend
friendly
frighten
frightening
from
front adj, n
fruit n
full adj
fun
funeral
funny
fur n
furniture
further adj, adv
future

G
gain v
game n
garage n
garden
gas n
gate
gather v
general adj
generally
generous
gentle
gentleman
get
gift
girl
give v
glad
glass adj, n
glue
go v
goat
god
gold
good
goodbye
goods
govern
government
graceful
gradual
grain
gram
grammar
grand adj
grandfather
grandmother
grandparent
grass n
grateful
grave n
great adj
green
greet
greeting
grey adj, n
ground n
group n
grow
growth
guard v
guess v
guest n
guide
guilty
gun n

H
habit
hair
half
hall
hammer n
hand n
handle
hang v
happen v
happy
hard
hardly
harm
harmful
hat
hate v
hatred
have
he
head n
health
healthy
hear
heart
heat
heaven
heavy adj
heel n
height
hello
help
helpful
her(s)
here
herself
hide v
high adj, adv
hill
him
himself
his
historical
history
hit
hold v
hole
holiday n
hollow adj
holy
home adv, n
honest
honour n
hook n
hope
hopeful
horn
horse n
hospital
hot adj
hotel
hour
house n
how adv
human
humorous
humour
hundred(th)
hungry
hunt v
hurry
hurt v
husband n

I
ice n
idea
if
ignore
ill adj
illegal
illness
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
immediately
importance
important
impressive
improve
improvement
in adv, prep
include
including
income
increase
independent
indoor(s)
industrial
industry
infect
infection
infectious
influence v
inform
information
injure
injury
ink n
inner
insect
inside
instead
institution
instruction
instrument
insult v
insulting
insurance
insure
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intention
interest
interesting
international adj
interrupt
into
introduce
introduction
invent
invitation
invite v
involve
inwards
iron adj, n
island
it pron
its
itself

J
jaw
jewel
jewellery
job
join
joint
joke
journey n
judge
judgement
juice
jump
just adv
justice

K
keen
keep v
key n
kick
kill v
kilo
kilogram
kilometre
kind
king
kiss
kitchen
knee n
kneel
knife n
knock v
knot
know v
knowledge

L
lack
lady
lake
lamb
lamp
land
language
large
last adv, determiner
late
lately
laugh
laughter
law
lawyer
lay v
layer n
lazy
lead v
leaf n
lean v
learn
least
leather
leave v
left
leg n
legal
lend
length adv, pron, determiner
less
lesson
let v
let go of
letter
level adv, adj, n
library
lid
lie
lie down
life
lift
light
like prep, v
likely
limit
line n
lion
lip
liquid
list n
listen v
literature
litre
little
live v
load
local adj
lock
lonely
long adj, adv
look n, v
look after
look for
look sth up
loose adj
lord n
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low adj
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck n
lucky
lung

M
machine n
machinery
magazine
magic
mail
main adj
make v
make into
make up v
male
man n
manage
manager
manner
many
map n
march v
mark
market n
marriage
married
marry
mass n
match
material n
mathematics
matter
may v
me
meal
mean v
meaning n
means
measure
measurement
meat
medical adj
medicine
meet v
meeting
melt
member
memory
mental
mention v
message
metal n
method
metre
middle
might v
mile
miliary adj
milk n
million(th)
mind
mine n, pron
mineral
minister n
minute n
mirror n
miss v
mist n
mistake n
mix v
mixture
model n
modern adj
moment
money
monkey n
month
moon n
moral adj
more
morning
most
mother n
motor adj, n
mountain
mouse
mouth n
move v
movement
much
mud
multiply
murder
muscle n
music
musician
must v
my
mysterious
mystery

N
nail
name
narrow adj
nasty
nation
national adj
natural adj
nature
navy
near adj, adv, prep
nearly
neat
necessary
neck
need
needle n
negative adj
neither
nerve n
nervous
net n
network n
never
new
news
newspaper
next adj, adv
nice
night
nine
ninth
no adv, determiner
noise n
none pron
nonsense
no one
nor
normal
north
northern
nose n
not
note n
nothing
notice
noticeable
noun
now
nowhere
number n
nurse
nut

O
obey
object n
obtain
occasion n
ocean
o'clock
of
off adv, prep
offence
offend
offensive adj
offer
office
officer
official
often
oil n
old
old-fashioned
on adv, prep
once adv
one
onion
only
only just
onto
open adj, v
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
as opposed to
opposite
opposition
or
orange
order
ordinary
organ
organize
organization
origin
original
other
ought
our(s)
out adj, adv
outdoor(s)
outer
outside
over adv, prep
owe
own
owner
oxygen

P
pack v
package
page n
pain n
painful
paint
painting
pair n
pale adj
pan n
paper n
parallel adj, n
parent
park
parliament
part n
participle
particular adj
partly
partner n
party n
pass v
passage
passenger
past
path
patient adj
pattern n
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
pen n
pence
pencil n
people n
pepper n
per cent
perfect adj
perform
performance
perhaps
period n
permanent
permission
person
personal
persuade
pet n
petrol
photograph
phrase n
physical adj
piano n
pick v
pick up
picture n
piece n
pig n
pile n
pilot n
pin
pink adj, n
pipe n
pity
place
plain adj, n
plan
plane n
plant
plastic
plate n
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure n
plenty pron
plural
pocket n
poem
poet
poetry
point
pointed
poison
poisonous
pole n
police n
polish v
polite
political
politician
politics
pool n
poor
popular
population
port n
position n
positive
possess
possession
possible adj
possibly
possibility
post
pot n
potato
pound n
pour
powder n
power n
powerful
practical
practice
practise
praise
pray
prayer
prefer
preparation
prepare
present adj, n
preserve v
president
press v
pressure n
pretend
pretty adj
prevent
previous
price n
priest
prince
principle
print
prison
prisoner
private adj
prize n
probably adj
problem
process n
produce v
product
production
profession
profit n
programme
progress n
promise
pronounce
pronunciation
proof n
proper
property
proposal
protect
protection
protective
protest
proud
prove
provide
public
pull
pump
punish
punishment
pupil
pure
purple
purpose n
push
put

Q
quality
quantity
quarrel
quarter n
queen n
question
quick adj
quiet adj, n
quite

R
rabbit n
race
radio n
railway
rain
raise v
range n
rank n
rapid adj
rare
rat n
rate n
rather
raw
reach v
react
reaction
read v
ready adj
real
realize
really
reason
reasonable
receive
recent
recently
recognize
record n, v
red
reduce
reduction
refusal
refuse v
regard v
regular adj
related
relative
relation
relationship
relax
relaxing
religion
religious
remain
remark n
remember
remind
remove v
rent
repair
repeat v
replace
reply
report
represent
representative n
request n
respect
responsible
rest
restaurant
restrict
result
return n, v
reward
rice
rich
rid
ride
right adj, adv, n
ring n
rise
risk
river
road
rob
rock n
roll v
romantic adj
roof n
room n
root n
rope n
rose
rough adj
round adj, adv, prep
row
royal adj
rub v
rubber
rude
ruin v
rule
ruler
run
rush v

S
sad
safe adj
safety
sail
sale
salt n
same
sand n
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfy
save v
say v
scale n
scatter v
scene
school n
science
scientific
scientist
scissors
screen n
screw
sea
search
season n
seat
second adv, n, determiner
secret
secretary
see v
seed n
seem
sell v
send
sense n
sensible
sensitive
sentence n
separate adv, v
series
serious
servant
serve
service n
set n, v
settle v
seven(th)
several
severe
sex n
sexual
shade
shadow n
shake
shall
shame n
shape
share
sharp adj
she
sheep
sheet
shelf
shell n
shelter
shine v
shiny
ship n
shirt
shock n, v
shocking
shoe n
shoot v
shop
shore n
short adj
shot n
should
shoulder n
shout
show n, v
shut
shy
sick adj
side n
sideways
sight n
sign
signal
silence n
silent
silk
silly
silver
similar
simple
since
sincere n
sing
single adj
singular
sink v
sister
sit
situation
six(th)
size n
skilful
skill
skin n
skirt n
sky n
sleep
slide v
slight adj
slippery
slope
slow
small
smell
smile
smoke
smooth adj
snake n
snow
so
soap n
social adj
society
sock n
soft
soil n
soldier n
solid
solution
solve
some pron, determiner
somehow
someone
something
sometimes
somewhere
son
song
soon
sore adj
sorry
sort n
soul
sound n, v
soup
sour adj
south
southern
space n
speak
special adj
specific
speech
speed n
spell v
spend
spin v
spirit n
in spite of
split v
spoil v
spoon n
sport n
spot n
spread v
spring
square adj, n
stage n
stair
stamp
stand v
standard
star n
start
state
statement
station n
stay
steady adj
steal v
steam n
steel n
steep adj
stem n
step
stick
sticky
stiff adj
still adj, adv
sting
stitch
stomach n
stone n
stop
store
storm n
story
straight adj, adv
strange
stream n
street
strength
stretch v
strict
strike v
string n
strong
structure n
struggle
student
study
stupid
style n
subject n
substance
succeed
success
successful
such
suck v
sudden
suffer
sugar n
suggest
suit
suitable
sum n
summer
sun n
supply n, v
support n, v
suppose
sure adj
surface n
surprise
surprising
surround v
swallow v
swear
sweep v
sweet
swell v
swim
swing
sword
sympathetic
sympathy
system

T
table n
tail n
take v
talk
tall
taste
tax
taxi n
tea
teach
team n
tear
technical
telephone
television
tell
temper n
temperature
temporary
ten
tend
tendency
tennis
tense n
tent
terrible
test
than
thank
that conj, pron, determiner
the
theatre
their(s)
them
then adv
there
therefore
these
they
thick adj
thief
thin adj
thing
think v
third
this pron, determiner
thorough
those
though
thought
thousand(th)
thread n
threat
threaten
threatening
three
throat
through adv, prep
throw
thumb n
ticket n
tidy adj, v
tie
tight adj
time n
tired
tiring
title
to
tobacco
today
toe n
together
toilet
tomorrow
tongue
tonight
too
tool n
tooth
top adj, n
total adj, n
touch
tourist
towards
tower n
town
toy n
track n
trade n
traditional
traffic n
train
training
translate
transparent
trap
travel
treat v
treatment
tree
tribe
trick n, v
trip n
tropical
trouble
trousers
true adj
trust
truth
try v
tube
tune n
turn
twice
twist
two
type n
typical
tyre

U
ugly
under prep
understand
underwear
undo
unexpected
uniform n
union
unit
unite
universe
university
unless
until
unusual
up adj, adv, prep
upper
upright adj, adv
upset v, adj
upside down
upstairs adj, adv
urgent
us
use
useful
useless
usual

V
valley
valuable adj
value n
variety
various
vegetable
vehicle
verb
very adv
victory
view n
village
violence
violent
visit
voice n
vote
vowel

W
wages
waist
wait v
wake v
walk
wall n
war n
warm adj, v
warmth
warn
warning
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
way
we
weak
wealth
weapon
wear v
weather n
weave v
wedding
week
weekly adj, adv
weigh
weight n
welcome
well adj, adv, n
west
western adj
wet adj
what predeterminer, determiner, pron
whatever
wheat
wheel n
when adv, conj
whenever
where
whether
which
while conj
whip
whistle
white
who
whole
whose
why adv, conj
wide adj, adv
width
wife
wild adj, adv
will
willing
win v
wind
window
wine n
wing n
winter
wire n
wise adj
wish
with
within
without
woman
wood
wooden
wool
word n
work
world
worry
worse
worst
worth
would
wound
wrap v
wrist
write
wrong adj, adv, n

Y
year
yellow
yes
yet
you
young adj
your(s)

Z
zero]]> http://www.luweixmu.com/home/article.asp?id=32 luwig@xmu.edu.cn(admin) Sun,27 May 2007 16:41:07 +0800 http://www.luweixmu.com/home/default.asp?id=32 scenes from foreign lands:

Photos of Foreign Scenes]]> http://www.luweixmu.com/home/article.asp?id=31 luwig@xmu.edu.cn(admin) Sun,27 May 2007 16:39:59 +0800 http://www.luweixmu.com/home/default.asp?id=31 词网 WordNet（国内外用户）
词网 WordNet（教科网、赛尔网用户）]]> http://www.luweixmu.com/home/article.asp?id=28 luwig@xmu.edu.cn(admin) Sat,19 May 2007 21:45:37 +0800 http://www.luweixmu.com/home/default.asp?id=28 英语学习]]>